Articles citing this article

The Citing articles tool gives a list of articles citing the current article.
The citing articles come from EDP Sciences database, as well as other publishers participating in CrossRef Cited-by Linking Program. You can set up your personal account to receive an email alert each time this article is cited by a new article (see the menu on the right-hand side of the abstract page).

Cited article:

Formation of unique heterogeneous microstructure in biomedical Co-Cr-W-Ni-C alloys by mechanical milling and heat treatment processes

Kosuke Ueki, Yuta Mizutani, Tomoki Nakajima, Kyosuke Ueda, Takayuki Narushima and Masaaki Nakai
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 1036 181631 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181631

New insights into the mechanical property anisotropy of CoCrMo alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)

Zhenyu Chen, Zhixin Xia, Yuang Cheng, Yu Song, Tongzheng Wei, Chen Ge, Chengqi Lu, Chuanyang Wang, Xing Zhu and Qingbo Jia
Materials Science and Engineering: A 925 147878 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2025.147878

Effects of posttreatment on the metal-ceramic bond properties of selective-laser-melted Co-Cr dental alloy—Part 2: Heat treatment after porcelain firing

Yanan Zhou, Xin Dong, Ning Li and Jiazhen Yan
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 133 (1) 292 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.01.030

Influence of repeated porcelain firing cycles on the microstructure, marginal and internal fit of implant‐cemented Co‐Cr frameworks

Michael Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos Dimitriadis, Stavros Yannikakis, Aristidis Galiatsatos and Pepie Tsolka
European Journal of Oral Sciences 133 (3) (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.70009

Influence of Scanning Strategies on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Direct Metal Laser Sintering-Printed Co-Cr-Mo Alloy

Vinod Kumar Jat, R. U. Patil and Sanjay Singh Samant
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 34 (9) 7479 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09753-4

The effects of TiN nanoparticle incorporation on the microstructure and wear resistance of additively manufactured CoCrMoW alloys

Canjuan Xiao, Wenting Jiang, Yi Huang and Song Ni
Smart Materials in Manufacturing 3 100078 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100078

Phase transformation in additively manufactured Co-Cr-Mo alloy after solution and aging heat treatment

Jubert Pasco, Lu Jiang, Thomas Dorin, Ali Keshavarzkermani, Youliang He and Clodualdo Aranas
Materials Characterization 207 113467 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113467

Nitrogen-doping assisted local chemical heterogeneity and mechanical properties in CoCrMoW alloys manufactured via laser powder bed fusion

Wenting Jiang, Ruidi Li, Junyang He, Song Ni, Li Wang, Zibin Chen, Yi Huang, Caiju Li, Jianhong Yi and Min Song
Advanced Powder Materials 3 (5) 100217 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmate.2024.100217

Simulating porcelain firing effect on the structure, corrosion and mechanical properties of Co–Cr–Mo dental alloy fabricated by soft milling

Angeliki G. Lekatou, Sevasti Emmanouilidou, Konstantinos Dimitriadis, Maria Baikousi, Michael A. Karakassides and Simeon Agathopoulos
Odontology 112 (2) 372 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00849-2

Effects of post-treatment on metal-ceramic bond properties of selective laser melted Co-Cr dental alloy. Part 1: Annealing temperature

Yanan Zhou, Xin Dong, Ning Li and Jiazhen Yan
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 129 (4) 657.e1 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.029

Ductility enhancement of additively manufactured CoCrMo alloy via residual stress tailored high stacking fault probability

Zhenyu Chen, Chengqi Lu, Yuhao Zhuo, Zhixin Xia, Xing Zhu, Chuanyang Wang and Qingbo Jia
Scripta Materialia 235 115626 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115626

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Technology for Removable Partial Denture Frameworks

Konstantinos Dimitriadis, Georgios Foteinidis, Maria Kosarli, Dimitrios Moschovas, Alkiviadis S. Paipetis and Simeon Agathopoulos
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 32 (19) 8637 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07764-7

Micromechanical, corrosion and wet sliding wear behaviours of Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy: Wrought vs. LPBF

V.G. Efremenko, A.G. Lekatou, Yu.G. Chabak, B.V. Efremenko, I. Petryshynets, V.I. Zurnadzhy, S. Emmanouilidou and M. Vojtko
Materials Today Communications 35 105936 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105936

Unusual interface phase transformation during continuous additive manufacturing of maraging steel and Co–30Cr–7Mo alloy

Jubert Pasco, Yuan Tian, Kanwal Chadha, Lu Jiang, Thomas Dorin and Clodualdo Aranas Jr
Materials Science and Engineering: A 881 145336 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.145336

Effect of Porosity and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured CoCrMo Alloys

Tu-Ngoc Lam, Kuang-Ming Chen, Cheng-Hao Tsai, Pei-I Tsai, Meng-Huang Wu, Ching-Chi Hsu, Jayant Jain and E-Wen Huang
Materials 16 (2) 751 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020751

Investigation of Microstructural Characteristics of Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum Additively Manufactured Using Laser Directed Energy Deposition Technology

Theresa Grabowski, Ismat Ara, Joncy Thorpe and Fardad Azarmi
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 54 (10) 4065 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07154-1

Evaluation of the martensitic transformation in a rapidly solidified Co – Cr alloy subjected to thermomechanical processing by XRD technique

J C Luna-Manuel, A L Ramirez-Ledesma and J A Juarez-Islas
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2307 (1) 012022 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2307/1/012022

Defects induced through rapid solidification in a Co–20 Cr alloy

A.L. Ramirez – Ledesma, J.C. Luna – Manuel, H.F. Lopez and J.A. Juarez – Islas
Materials Science and Engineering: A 844 143161 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.143161

Additive manufacturing of a Co-Cr-W alloy by selective laser melting: In-situ oxidation, precipitation and the corresponding strengthening effects

Kefeng Li, Zhi Wang, Kaikai Song, et al.
Journal of Materials Science & Technology 125 171 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.01.036

The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Hardness of As-Cast Co-28Cr-6Mo Alloy Used as Biomedical Knee Implant

Douglas Júnior da Silva, Rodrigo Contieri, Alessandra Cremasco and Ricardo Floriano
International Journal of Metalcasting 16 (4) 2187 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00749-7

Effect of grain size and crystallographic structure on the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour of a CoCrMo biomedical grade alloy in simulated body fluid

Righdan Namus, W. Mark Rainforth, Yi Huang and Terence G. Langdon
Wear 478-479 203884 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203884

Additive manufacturing of a martensitic Co–Cr–Mo alloy: Towards circumventing the strength–ductility trade-off

Z. Wang, S.Y. Tang, S. Scudino, et al.
Additive Manufacturing 37 101725 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101725

Effect of unit cell topology on the tensile loading responses of additive manufactured CoCrMo triply periodic minimal surface sheet lattices

So-Yeon Park, Kyu-Sik Kim, Bandar AlMangour, Dariusz Grzesiak and Kee-Ahn Lee
Materials & Design 206 109778 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109778

Influence of Heat-Treatment Cycles on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Konstantinos Dimitriadis, Angeliki G. Lekatou, Athanasios K. Sfikas, Maria Roumpi, Sofia Tsouli, Aristidis Galiatsatos and Simeon Agathopoulos
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30 (7) 5252 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05738-9

Tribological Performance of CoCrMo Alloys with Boron Additions in As-Cast and Heat-Treated Conditions

Marco A. L. Hernandez-Rodriguez, Diego E. Lozano, Gabriela M. Martinez-Cazares and Yaneth Bedolla-Gil
Metals 11 (2) 355 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020355

Effect of Post-Heat Treatment Cooling Conditions on Microstructures and Fatigue Properties of Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum Alloy Fabricated through Selective Laser Melting

Hla Htoot Wai Cho, Atsushi Takaichi, Yuka Kajima, Hein Linn Htat, Nuttaphon Kittikundecha, Takao Hanawa and Noriyuki Wakabayashi
Metals 11 (7) 1005 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071005

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties improvement of selective laser melted Co-Cr biomedical alloys during subsequent heat treatments

Yanan Zhou, Qi Sun, Xin Dong, et al.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 840 155664 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155664

Microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of a laser surface modified cast Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy

Hamid‐Reza Erfanian‐Nazif‐Toosi, Mario Rodriguez and Hugo F. López
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 108 (8) 3190 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34644

The Effect of Cyclic Solution Heat Treatment on the Martensitic Phase Transformation and Grain Refinement of Co-Cr-Mo Dental Alloy

Shahab Zangeneh, Hamid Reza Lashgari, Shaimaa Alsaadi, Sara Mohamad-Moradi and Morteza Saghafi
Metals 10 (7) 861 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070861

Effects of powder size distribution on the microstructural and mechanical properties of a Co–Cr–W–Si alloy fabricated by selective laser melting

Kefeng Li, Xinhua Mao, Khashayar Khanlari, et al.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 825 153973 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153973

Accelerated γ-face-centered cubic to ε-hexagonal close packed massive transformation in a laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured Co-29Cr-5Mo alloy

Boateng Twum Donkor, Jie Song, Yao Fu, et al.
Scripta Materialia 179 65 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.01.012

Corrosion Assessment of an Implantable Dental Co-Cr Alloy in Artificial Saliva and Biocompatibility Behavior

A. L. Ramírez-Ledesma, P. Roncagliolo, M. A. Álvarez-Pérez, H. F. Lopez and J. A. Juárez-Islas
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 29 (3) 1657 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04711-2

Microstructures and metal-ceramic bond properties of Co-Cr biomedical alloys fabricated by selective laser melting and casting

Yanan Zhou, Wei Wei, Jiazhen Yan, et al.
Materials Science and Engineering: A 759 594 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.05.085

Synchronous improvement in strength and ductility of biomedical Co–Cr–Mo alloys by unique low-temperature heat treatment

Kosuke Ueki, Mai Abe, Kyosuke Ueda, et al.
Materials Science and Engineering: A 739 53 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.016

Cavitation erosion resistance of a non-standard cast cobalt alloy: Influence of solubilizing and cold working treatments

M.C. Romero, A.P. Tschiptschin and C. Scandian
Wear 426-427 518 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.044

Evaluation of the Aging Effect on the Microstructure of Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.3C Alloy: Experimental Characterization and Computational Thermodynamics

Shahab Zangeneh, Ersoy Erisir, Mahmoud Abbasi and Ali Ramazani
Metals 9 (5) 581 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050581

Overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off by the combination of static recrystallization and low-temperature heat-treatment in Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy for stent application

Kosuke Ueki, Soh Yanagihara, Kyosuke Ueda, et al.
Materials Science and Engineering: A 766 138400 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138400

Isothermal Transformation of γ-Co to ε-Co in Stellite 6 Coatings

Dezhi Yang, Chen Hua, Shengzhi Qu, et al.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 50 (3) 1153 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-5057-6

Microstructure, sliding wear and corrosion behavior of bulk nanostructured Co-Ag immiscible alloys

Weiwei Zhu, Cancan Zhao, Jian Zhou, Chi Tat Kwok and Fuzeng Ren
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 748 961 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.213

Effect of heat-treatment temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Co–Cr–Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

Yuka Kajima, Atsushi Takaichi, Nuttaphon Kittikundecha, et al.
Materials Science and Engineering: A 726 21 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.048

A new finding on the in-vivo crevice corrosion damage in a CoCrMo hip implant

Reza H. Oskouei, Mohammad Reza Barati, Hamidreza Farhoudi, Mark Taylor and Lucian Bogdan Solomon
Materials Science and Engineering: C 79 390 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.086

Effect of bimodal harmonic structure design on the deformation behaviour and mechanical properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloy

Sanjay Kumar Vajpai, Choncharoen Sawangrat, Osamu Yamaguchi, Octav Paul Ciuca and Kei Ameyama
Materials Science and Engineering: C 58 1008 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.055

Evaluation of Chill Cast Co-Cr Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Ana Ramirez-Ledesma, Hugo Lopez and Julio Juarez-Islas
Metals 6 (8) 188 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.3390/met6080188

Rapid Solidification Effects on the Development of an HCP Matrix in a Co-20Cr Alloy

A. L. Ramirez-Ledesma, H. F. Lopez and J. A. Juarez-Islas
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47 (6) 2566 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3490-y

Athermal ε-martensite transformation in a Co–20Cr alloy: Effect of rapid solidification on plate nucleation

A.L. Ramirez-Ledesma, E. Lopez-Molina, H.F. Lopez and J.A. Juarez-Islas
Acta Materialia 111 138 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.047

Changes in Microstructure of Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo Alloys during Aging at 973 to 1373 K

Kosuke Ueki, Yuto Kurihara, Shingo Mineta, et al.
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 57 (12) 2048 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MI201507

Effect of ball milling on the physical and mechanical properties of the nanostructured Co–Cr–Mo powders

Majid Taghian Dehaghani, Mahdi Ahmadian and Mohammadhossein Fathi
Advanced Powder Technology 25 (6) 1793 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.07.009

Nanoscale carbide precipitation in Co–28Cr–5Mo–0.3C implant alloy during martensite transformation

Sh. Zangeneh, M. Ketabchi and H.F. Lopez
Materials Letters 116 188 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.018

Collective behavior of strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) in biomedical Co–Cr–Mo–N alloy polycrystal: An ex-situ electron backscattering diffraction study

Byoung-Soo Lee, Yuichiro Koizumi, Hiroaki Matsumoto and Akihiko Chiba
Materials Science and Engineering: A 611 263 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.05.071

Stress induced martensite transformation in Co–28Cr–6Mo alloy during room temperature deformation

S. Cai, M.R. Daymond and Y. Ren
Materials Science and Engineering: A 580 209 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.05.050

Tribological Behavior of a Heat-Treated Cobalt-Based Alloy

Y. Bedolla-Gil and M. A. L. Hernandez-Rodriguez
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22 (2) 541 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0261-9

Characterization of Co–Cr–Mo alloys after a thermal treatment for high wear resistance

C. Balagna, S. Spriano and M.G. Faga
Materials Science and Engineering: C 32 (7) 1868 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.003

FCC to HCP transformation kinetics in a Co–27Cr–5Mo–0.23C alloy

R. Turrubiates-Estrada, A. Salinas-Rodriguez and H. F. Lopez
Journal of Materials Science 46 (1) 254 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4969-3

Deformation induced FCC to HCP transformation in a Co–27Cr–5Mo–0.05C alloy

A. Mani, Salinas-Rodriguez and H.F. Lopez
Materials Science and Engineering: A 528 (7-8) 3037 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.024

Isothermal Phase Transformation in Biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo Alloy without Addition of Carbon or Nitrogen

Shingo Kurosu, Hiroaki Matsumoto and Akihiko Chiba
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41 (10) 2613 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0273-8

Effect of isothermal aging on the microstructural evolution of Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy

Sh. Zangeneh, H.R. Lashgari, M. Saghafi and M. Karshenas
Materials Science and Engineering: A 527 (24-25) 6494 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.081

Microstructure and mechanical properties of biomedical Co–29Cr–8Mo alloy wire fabricated by a modified melt-spinning process

Akihiko Chiba, Naoyuki Nomura and Yoshiki Ono
Acta Materialia 55 (6) 2119 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.10.060

Pin-on-disk wear behavior in a like-on-like configuration in a biological environment of high carbon cast and low carbon forged Co–29Cr–6Mo alloys

Akihiko Chiba, Kazushige Kumagai, Naoyuki Nomura and Satoru Miyakawa
Acta Materialia 55 (4) 1309 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.10.005

Development of athermal ε-martensite in atomized Co–Cr–Mo–C implant alloy powders

C.B. Song, H.B. Park, H.G. Seong and H.F. López
Acta Biomaterialia 2 (6) 685 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2006.04.003

Effect of Alloying Elements on fcc/hcp Martensitic Transformation and Shape Memory Properties in Co-Al Alloys

Keisuke Ando, Toshihiro Omori, Jun Sato, et al.
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 47 (9) 2381 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.47.2381

Development of athermal and isothermalε-martensite in atomized Co-Cr-Mo-C implant alloy powders

C. Song, H. Park, H. Seong and H. F. López
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 37 (11) 3197 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02586154

Effect of Carbon Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Wrought Co–Cr–Mo Implant Alloy

Sang-Hak Lee, Eiji Takahashi, Naoyuki Nomura and Akihiko Chiba
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 47 (2) 287 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.47.287

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni- and C-Free Co–Cr–Mo Alloys for Medical Applications

Sang-Hak Lee, Eiji Takahashi, Naoyuki Nomura and Akihiko Chiba
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 46 (8) 1790 (2005)
https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.46.1790

Microstructural effects on the wear resistance of wrought and as‐cast Co‐Cr‐Mo‐C implant alloys

A. J. Saldívar‐García and H. F. López
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 74A (2) 269 (2005)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30392

Temperature effects on the lattice constants and crystal structure of a Co-27Cr-5Mo low-carbon alloy

A. J. Saldivar-Garcia and H. F. Lopez
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 35 (8) 2517 (2004)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0232-6

Effect of fcc-hcp phase transformation produced by isothermal aging on the corrosion resistance of a Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C alloy

C. Montero-Ocampo, R. Juarez and A. Salinas Rodriguez
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 33 (7) 2229 (2002)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0054-0

Effect of solution treatments on the FCC/HCP isothermal martensitic transformation in Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C aged at 800°C

A de J. Saldı́var Garcı́a, A Manı́ Medrano and A Salinas Rodrı́guez
Scripta Materialia 40 (6) 717 (1999)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00489-8

Effects of grain size on development of athermal and strain induced ɛ martensite in Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy

P. Huang and H.F. López
Materials Science and Technology 15 (2) 157 (1999)
https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399101505699

Formation of hcp martensite during the isothermal aging of an fcc Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C orthopedic implant alloy

A. de J. Saldívar García, A. Maní Medrano and A. Salinas Rodríguez
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30 (5) 1177 (1999)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0267-6

Effects of heat treatments on the ductility of cobalt electrodeposits

J. Dille, J. Charlier and R. Winand
Journal of Materials Science 33 (11) 2771 (1998)
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017569316182

The structure and mechanical properties of thick cobalt electrodeposits

J DILLE, J CHARLIER and R WINAND
Journal of Materials Science 32 (10) 2637 (1997)
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018666804577

Some characteristics of the reverse polymorphic transformations of sintered iron and cobalt

S. S. Kiparisov, A. A. Nuzhdin and S. V. Strelova
Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 23 (7) 546 (1984)
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00792127

On the electronic structure of interstitial transition-metal based alloys with boron and carbon impurities

M. C. Cadeville and C. Lerner
Philosophical Magazine 33 (5) 801 (1976)
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437608221917

A deformation-induced phase transformation involving a four-layer stacking sequence in a Co−Fe alloy

D. A. Woodford and H. J. Beattie
Metallurgical Transactions 2 (11) 3223 (1971)
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02814976

Work strengthening by a deformation-induced phase transformation in “MP alloys”

A. H. Graham and J. L. Youngblood
Metallurgical Transactions 1 (2) 423 (1970)
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02811551