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Table 1

Numerical values of the geometrical parameters and physical properties for the two ladles in analysis.

Variable Units Kim & Fruehan Joubert et al. Variable Units Kim & Fruehan Joubert et at
hw cm 42.4 20.0 ho cm 43.7 20.7
Ld cm 56.0 27.0 dm mm 4.76 7.90
Rb cm 27.8 / a 87.5° /
ρaMathematical equation kg/m3 12.25 12.25 μaMathematical equation Pa⋅ s 1.85e−5 1.85e−5
ρwMathematical equation kg/m3 998 998 μwMathematical equation Pa⋅ s 1.002e−3 1.002e−3
ρoMathematical equation kg/m3 886 920 μoMathematical equation Pa⋅ s 3.34e−2 7.90e−2
σawMathematical equation N/m 7.2e−2 7.2e−2 σao1Mathematical equation N/m 3.17e−2 3.17e−2
σwoMathematical equation N/m 1.81e−2 2.55e−2 P 350 350
Dw M2/s 6.8e−10 6.8e−10 Do1Mathematical equation m2/s 6.8e−12 6.8e−12

1In the Kim & Fruehan paper the values for σao and Do are not reported, so we have used the same value for both cases.

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