EDP Sciences logo
Subscriber Authentication Point
Sciengine logo
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 123 / No 3 (2026) Metall. Res. Technol., 123 3 (2026) 323 References
Open Access
Issue
Metall. Res. Technol.
Volume 123, Number 3, 2026
Article Number 323
Number of page(s) 17
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2026005
Published online 27 March 2026
  1. L.E.K. Holappa, Ladle injection metallurgy, Int. Metals Rev. 27, 53–76 (1982) [Google Scholar]
  2. J. Szekely, G. Carlsson, L. Helle Ladle metallurgy, Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2012) [Google Scholar]
  3. J. Ishida, Effects of stirring by argon gas injection on metallurgical reactions in secondary steelmaking, Denki-Seiko (Electr. Furn. Steel), 52, 2–8 (1981) [Google Scholar]
  4. M. Hirasawa, K. Mori, M. Sano et al., Rate of mass transfer between molten slag and metal under gas injection stirring, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. 27, 277–282 (1987) [Google Scholar]
  5. H. Lachmund, Y. Xie, T. Buhles et al., Slag emulsification during liquid steel desulphurisation by gas injection into the ladle, Steel Res. Int. 74, 77–85 (2003) [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. S.-H. Kim, R. Fruehan, Physical modeling of gas/liquid mass transfer in a gas stirred ladle, Metall. Trans. B, 18, 381–390 (1987) [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. L.D. de Oliveira Campos, P. Gardin, S. Vincent et al., Mass transfer prediction between liquid steel and slag in steelmaking processes, Proceedings of Steel Sim 17, (2017) [Google Scholar]
  8. N. Joubert, P. Gardin, S. Popinet et al., Experimental and numerical modelling of mass transfer in a refining ladle, Metall. Res. Technol. 119, 109 (2022) [Google Scholar]
  9. A.N. Conejo, Physical and mathematical modelling of mass transfer in ladles due to bottom gas stirring: a review, Processes, 8, 750 (2020) [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Z. Liu, A.N. Conejo, Development of a novel dimensionless relationship to describe mass transfer in ladles due to bottom gas injection, Processes, 13, 5 (2024) [Google Scholar]
  11. D. Guo, G.A. Irons, Modeling of gas-liquid reactions in ladle metallurgy: Part II. Numerical simulation, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 31, 1457–1464 (2000) [Google Scholar]
  12. A. Alexiadis, P. Gardin, J.F. Domgin, Spot turbulence, breakup, and coalescence of bubbles released from a porous plug injector into a gas-stirred ladle, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 35, 949–956 (2004) [Google Scholar]
  13. Y. Liu, M. Ersson, H. Liu et al., A review of physical and numerical approaches for the study of gas stirring in ladle metallurgy, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 50, 555–577 (2019) [Google Scholar]
  14. A. Senguttuvan, G.A. Irons, Modeling of slag entrainment and interfacial mass transfer in gas stirred ladles, ISIJ Int. 57, 1962–1970 (2017) [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Q. Li, P.C. Pistorius, Toward multiscale model development for multiphase flow: Direct numerical simulation of dispersed phases and multiscale interfaces in a gas-stirred ladle, J. Miner. Metals Mater. Soc. 73, 2888–2899 (2021) [Google Scholar]
  16. Q. Li, P.C. Pistorius, Large bubble-resolved direct numerical simulation for multiphase flow applied to gas-stirred ladles: grid resolution and plug eccentricity effects, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 54, 1290–1313 (2023) [Google Scholar]
  17. N. Joubert, Liquid-liquid mass transfer characterization applied to metallurgical process. Thèse, Sorbonne Université, 2021 [Google Scholar]
  18. S. Popinet, Basilisk, A free-software program for the solution of partial differential equations on adaptive Cartesian meshes, 2018. URL http://basilisk.fr [Google Scholar]
  19. S. Popinet, Gerris: a tree-based adaptive solver for the incompressible Euler equations in complex geometries, J. Comput. Phys. 190, 572–600 (2003) [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
  20. A. Esmaeeli, G. Tryggvason, Direct numerical simulations of bubbly flows. part 1. Low Reynolds number arrays, J. Fluid Mech. 377, 313–345 (1998) [Google Scholar]
  21. J.C. Cano-Lozano, C. Martinez-Bazan, J. Magnaudet et al., Paths and wakes of deformable nearly spheroidal rising bubbles close to the transition to path instability, Phys. Rev. Fluids, 1, 053604 (2016) [Google Scholar]
  22. C. Zhao, J. Maarek, S.M. Taleghani et al., A hybrid continuum surface tension force for the three-phase VOF method, J. Comput. Phys. 504, 112872 (2024) [Google Scholar]
  23. S. Popinet, An accurate adaptive solver for surface-tension-driven interfacial flows, J. Comput. Phys. 228, 5838–5866 (2009) [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
  24. J.U. Brackbill, D.B. Kothe, C. Zemach, A continuum method for modeling surface tension, J. Comput. Phys. 100, 335–3542 (1992) [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
  25. G. Weymouth, D.K.-P. Yue, Conservative Volume-of-Fluid method for free-surface simulations on Cartesian-grids, J. Comput. Phys. 229, 2853–2865 (2010) [Google Scholar]
  26. J. López-Herrera, A. Gãńan-Calvo, S. Popinet et al., Electrokinetic effects in the breakup of electrified jets: a volume-of-fluid numerical study, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 71, 14–22 (2015) [Google Scholar]
  27. P.K. Farsoiya, Y. Mayya, R. Dasgupta, Axisymmetric viscous interfacial oscillations-theory and simulations, J. Fluid Mech. 826, 797–818 (2017) [Google Scholar]
  28. M. Gumulya, R. Utikar, V. Pareek et al., Dynamics of bubbles rising in pseudo-2D bubble column: effect of confinement and inertia, Chem. Eng. J. 405, 126615 (2021) [Google Scholar]
  29. W. Mostert, L. Deike, Inertial energy dissipation in shallow-water breaking waves, J. Fluid Mech. 890, A12 (2020) [Google Scholar]
  30. A. Berny, L. Deike, T. Séon et al., Role of all jet drops in mass transfer from bursting bubbles, Phys. Rev. Fluids, 5, 033605 (2020) [Google Scholar]
  31. G. Vaudor, T. Ménard, W. Aniszewski et al., A consistent mass and momentum flux computation method for two phase flows, Application to atomization process, Comput. Fluids, 152, 204–216 (2017) [Google Scholar]
  32. T. Arrufat, M. Crialesi-Esposito, D. Fuster et al., A mass–momentum consistent, Volume-of-Fluid method for incompressible flow on staggered grids, Comput. Fluids, 215, 1–26 (2021) [Google Scholar]
  33. S. Bná, S. Manservisi, R. Scardovelli et al., Vofi—a library to initialize the volume fraction scalar field, Comput. Phys. Commun. 200, 291–299 (2016) [Google Scholar]
  34. J. Maarek, Mass transfer at fluid interfaces at large peclet numbers. Thèse, Sorbonne Université, 2024 [Google Scholar]
  35. G. Tryggvason, R. Scardovelli, S. Zaleski, Direct numerical simulations of gas-liquid multiphase flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011 [Google Scholar]
  36. O.V. Vasilyev, N.K.-R. Kevlahan, Hybrid wavelet collocation-Brinkman penalization method for complex geometry flows, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 40, 531–538 (2002) [Google Scholar]
  37. S. Popinet, A quadtree-adaptive multigrid solver for the Serre-Green-Naghdi equations, J. Comput. Phys. 302, 336–358 (2015) [Google Scholar]
  38. J.A. Van Hooft, S. Popinet, C.C. Van Heerwaarden et al., Towards adaptive grids for atmospheric boundary-layer simulations, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 167, 421–443 (2018) [Google Scholar]
  39. A. Apelblat, Mass transfer with a chemical reaction of the first order: analytical solutions, Chem. Eng. J. 19, 19–37 (1980) [Google Scholar]
  40. A. Lévêque, Les lois de la transmission de chaleur par convection, Ann. des Mines, 13, 201–299 (1928) [Google Scholar]
  41. B. Aboulhasanzadeh, S. Hosoda, A. Tomiyama et al., A validation of an embedded analytical description approach for the computations of high Schmidt number mass transfer from bubbles in liquids, Chem. Eng. Sci. 101, 165–174 (2013) [Google Scholar]
  42. A. Weiner, C.M.Y. Claassen, I.R. Hierck et al., Assessment of a subgrid-scale model for convection-dominated mass transfer for initial transient rise of a bubble, AIChE J. 68, 17641 (2022) [Google Scholar]
  43. A. Weiner, D. Bothe, Advanced subgrid-scale modeling for convection-dominated species transport at fluid interfaces with application to mass transfer from rising bubbles, J. Comput. Phys. 347, 261–289 (2017) [Google Scholar]
  44. P.V. Danckwerts, Significance of liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem. 43, 1460–1467 (1951) [Google Scholar]
  45. S. Popinet, tag. h. Tagging connected neighborhoods, 2018. URL https://basilisk.fr/src/tag [Google Scholar]
  46. K. Hendrickson, G.D. Weymouth, D.K.-P. Yue, Informed component label algorithm for robust identification of connected components with volume-of-fluid method, Comput. Fluids 197, 104373 (2020) [Google Scholar]
  47. L. Chirco, J. Maarek, S. Popinet et al., Manifold death: a volume of fluid implementation of controlled topological changes in thin sheets by the signature method, J. Comput. Phys. 467, 111468 (2022) [Google Scholar]
  48. S.B. Pope, Turbulent flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 [Google Scholar]
  49. K.A. Goc, O. Lehmkuhl, G.I. Park et al., Large eddy simulation of aircraft at affordable cost: a milestone in computational fluid dynamics, Flow, 1, E14 (2021) [Google Scholar]
  50. M.H. Kasbaoui, M. Herrmann, A high-fidelity methodology for particle-resolved direct numerical simulations, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 187, 105175 (2025) [Google Scholar]
  51. F. Gustafsson, G. Rӧnn, CFD on GPUs in aerospace applications: an evaluation of ansys fluent native GPU solver in aerospace applications, and GPUs for CFD simulations as an investment, Master’s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2025 [Google Scholar]
  52. A. Monin, A.M. Yaglom, Statistical fluid mechanics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971, Vols. 1 and 2, p. 1975 [Google Scholar]
  53. H.T.J.L. Lumley, A first course in turbulence, The MIT Press, 1972 [Google Scholar]
  54. I. Kataoka, A. Serizawa, Interfacial area concentration in bubbly flow, Nucl. Eng. Des. 120, 163–180 (1990) [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.