Open Access
Table 4
Overview and comparison of main slag handling and treatment processes in respect to steelmaking slags.
| Metallurgical Modification | Mechanical treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process | Full reduction inreduction furnace | Simple modification in treatment stand | Air blast granulation | Water granulation | Slag pit |
| Symbol |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Metal recovery | Metallic and oxidic fraction of metals recovered. Optional treatment and refining of recovered metals | No recovery of oxidic metal fraction, minor recovery for metallic fraction during cold slag processing with magnetic separation possible | |||
| Mineral fraction | Mineral fraction adjusted and controlled cooling for usage in cement industry as SCM or cement clinker substitute | Stabilization of free lime, moderated adjustment of basicity only. Usage as SCM might be possible. | No modification of mineral fraction possible, moderate cooling → lower glass content. Usage as SCM questionable (high Fe, Cr level and low glass content) | No modification of mineral fraction possible, fast cooling → higher glass content. Usage as SCM questionable due to high Fe and Cr level. Standard solution for BF Slags. | No modification of mineral fraction possible, slow cooling → low glass content. Usage as aggregate possible. Standard solution for Steelmaking slags. |
| OPEX | High (electricity, reductant . . .) | Medium | Low | Low | Very low |
| CAPEX | High | Medium | Low | Low | Very low |
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